Helena Zengel is best known for her roles in System Crasher (2019) and News of the World (2019). The role won Zengel the best actress Lola Germanys equivalent of the Oscar and put her on Greengrass radar. They called the event the Wrinkled Hand Chase wrinkled from walking in the rain during their removal. "News of the World" follows a Civil War veteran (Hanks) on an epic journey with a young girl (Zengel) to help find her a home and reunite her with her aunt and uncle. Helena Zengel is a giggly, chatty 12-year-old, whose movie roles take her into psychological territory that even adults would find tough. I thought it was just some actor.. I didnt understand him. In 2017, Zengel caught the attention of Nora Fingscheidt, the German director of System Crasher, a harrowing drama centred on a girl named Benni who is abused as a baby and abandoned by her mother, and who later lashes out at her caregivers and the society around her. Her first main role in a film, at the age of eight, was in a drama film, Die Tochter ( The Daughte r), which was shown at the Berlinale 2017. Helena Zengel in Berlin on Dec. 17. The actress Helena Zengel in Berlin, Dec. 17, 2020. In one of her podcasts, she explained that the capital letter Z and wings together make Z+angel which denotes Zengel. She celebrates her birthday every year on June 10. Zengel was born and raised in Berlin, Germany, and began her acting career at the age of five in a music video for the Berlin Alternative rock band Abby. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Doing it again and again for your partner when you don't even see yourself in the movie was really amazing and great.". Helena Zengel and Tom Hanks worked together in the movie News of the World. Access unlimited streaming of movies and TV shows with Amazon Prime Video Sign up now for a 30-day free trial. It was the easiest decision in the film.. It was a very, very hard ask., One of the first children he saw during the casting in 2019, however, was Helena Zengel, a then 11-year-old from Berlin with a tomboyish energy and platinum hair. Her family used to hold their Native American church meetings at night, so the agents wouldnt catch them and tear down the teepee before daylight, she said, referring to the federal governments Indian agents. "We did the scene where I bite Tom Hanks' hand. Helena Zengel's birth sign is Gemini. While shooting a particular scene for his new movie, Tom Hanks cried in every single take even when he was off-camera in order to help out his 12-year-old costar, Helena Zengel. Helena is just 12 years old, but her net worth is $1 million. This focus and willpower, her mother, Anne Zengel, explains, has been her daughters hallmark ever since she was a toddler. In 2017, she played the role of Fabienne in the television crime film Der gute Bulle (The good cop). DallasFort Worth Film Critics Association, Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role, Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association, "10-jhrige Helena Zengel: Das ist der Spatz vom Festival-Platz", "Helena Zengel to star opposite Tom Hanks in 'News of the World', "Helena Zengel To Star Opposite Tom Hanks In Universal's 'News Of The World', "Nominations for the 78th Golden Globe Awards (2021) Announced", "The 27th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards | Screen Actors Guild Awards", "AntonioGenna.net presenta: IL MONDO DEI DOPPIATORI - ZONA CINEMA: "Notizie dal mondo", "2020 was an exciting year for Helena Zengel", "Palm Springs Film Festival Sets Audience Awards", "Critics Choice Awards: 'Nomadland', 'The Crown' Among Top Honorees Complete Winners List", "DFW Film Critics Name "Nomadland" Best Picture of 2020", "The 2020 Georgia Film Critics Association (GFCA) Winners", "Hawaii Film Critics Society 2021 Awards", "Phoenix Film Critics Society winners: 'The Trial of the Chicago 7,' 'Nomadland' and more", "SAG Awards 2021 Winners: See the Full List Here", "Washington DC Critics nominations: 'Minari' leads with 8", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helena_Zengel&oldid=1150244059, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 02:06. In 2017, she starred in the German crime television film Der gute Bulle (The good cop) in which she played the role of Fabienne. Most of her lines are in Kiowa, a language she had to learn for the part. In an interview, while talking about her ability to act, she said, Acting is actually normal for meI never had acting classes or anything, so its just something natural I like to do.. Therefore, her parents enrolled her in ice-skating classes and also encouraged her to try acting to channel her energy towards something productive. December 25, 2020 Helena Zengel, a German child actress, plays the second lead alongside the critically acclaimed and commercially successful actor, Tom Hanks, in 'News of the World.' The on-the-road Western drama won millions of hearts with its honest depiction of a simple yet riveting tale. Its an astounding performance Greengrass praises her for the sense of mystery she exudes and should put the 12-year-old in the conversation come awards season. WhiteHorse is one of just a handful of Kiowa elders left who are fluent in the language. Helena Zengel was born on 10 June 2008 in Berlin, Germany. She developed her English language skill after securing a part in the film. She said that, like most children in Germany, she had spent most of this year at home, and that she was currently quarantined because classmates had tested positive for the coronavirus. In 2014, she made her television debut with the German crime series Spreewaldkrimi (Spreewald thriller) in which she played the role of Johanna in an episode titled Mrderische Hitze.. German actress Helena . While Zengel did have to audition for the role, director Paul Greengrass knew from the beginning that she was the girl he wanted in the film. As she told World Today News, she didn't realize she won the role because "I didn't understand what he was saying because my English wasn't that good back then." The films central character is a seven-year-old girl named Luca who plays her parents against each other to intercept the reunion of her separated parents and become her fathers top priority. She is our royalty and a tribal treasure. And we just kept on practicing.. NOW WATCH: A 12-year-old designer debuted a colorful, size-inclusive clothing line at New York Fashion Week, Visit Insider's homepage for more stories, told Today that he would get the vaccination publicly. Later, she booked roles in several projects of film school students belonging to renowned film schools of Germany. Afterwards, Paul said, Youve got the role. But my English wasnt so good then. Apparently, they mimed this scene in order to help Zengel distinguish herself from the traumatized character of Bernadette (Benni). She was struck by Zengels cinematographic quality, with almost translucent white skin, white hair that makes her look like an angel, but with an ambivalence that is fascinating, she says. In 2021, Zengel appeared as Nina in "A Christmas Number One" alongside Freida Pinto and Iwan Rheon, a heartfelt romantic comedy about a young woman trying to save her uncle from himself before she succumbs to a terminal illness. Amazon.com: Der Podcast von Helena Zengel : Helena Zengel Anne Zengel Christoph Lemmer: Audible Books & Originals In addition, in 2021, she was a nominee for Best Youth Performance for her brilliant role in News of the World. She is just 12 years old, and we can't hope she will be in college or university. I did get a chance to talk with the young lady, and we had a real good talk, Tsoodle said. If she found me on the set, shed come over and get her little chair and sit with me.. In an interview, Fingscheidt says she needed a child actor who could convey Bennis often terrifying physicality, while shouldering the psychological burden of the part. Her first English-language role in the film News of the World (2020) earned her the nomination for the Golden Globe Award. She was the only person I really had to look at, he says. Kidd discovers a young girl named Johanna who was stolen by Kiowa, a Native American Tribe, as an infant. I stand in front of the camera, I know what I want, and I do it, she said. Those aren't the only languages Zengel can speak. In 2021, she earned the nomination for the Golden Globe Award for her first English-language role. Her proficiency in figure skating has earned her prizes in various competitions. She got achance to play in a film at the age of just eight. I thought, 'Well, I mean, it's going to have to be her. In an interview, while talking about her excellence in pianoforte, she said. 127 Helena Zengel mit Mutter Anne, 32nd European Film Awards, EFA 2019, Haus der Festspiele, Berlin, 7.12.2019 Berlin Deutschland, Germany *** 127 Helena Zengel with Mother Anne, 32nd . The film was directed by Chris Cottam and written by Robert Chandler, Keiron Self and Giles New, and features performances by the fictitious artists, 5 Together, Scurve and Ranelle Spear. I can look you in the eye and just about tell sincerity in somebody, said Dorothy WhiteHorse DeLaune, who built an enduring friendship with a then-10-year-old German actress on a New Mexico movie set. WhiteHorse said Zengel picked up even the most difficult Kiowa sounds easily. She was the only person I really had to look at, he said. The Navajos have theirs, and we have ours.. . But the least I can do is tell you about it so you can go on and learn it. Search for Anne Zengel photos and over 100 million other current images and stock photos at IMAGO. She started her acting career without taking any acting classes. Helenas mother, Anna, stood in for Hanks. Acting is just something she was meant to do. In an interview, while exhibitingher overzealous attitude towards life, she said. Her mother, Anne Zengel, is a professional singer who also worked as a radio jockey at B2, a German radio network. And then also understanding the culture and why she's also not talking, and actually not understanding the English language. A.I. Gary Tsoodle, 62, a Kiowa Tribe member, said he appreciated the effort. The second time, WhiteHorse gave her a little doll. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today. Helena Zengel's height is 5 feet 8 inches. She was actually valued for being so intense.. WhiteHorse was born on Jan. 25, 1933, in a teepee near Anadarko, about 60 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. In an interview, Fingscheidt said she needed a child actor who could convey Bennis often terrifying physicality, while shouldering the psychological burden of the part. Before being cast in the film, she said, she had never heard of Hanks. News of the World, which opened on Christmas Day in the US and Canada, and will be available on Netflix from February, is an international breakthrough for Zengel, who has already become one of the most talked-about actors let alone child actors to emerge in Germany in recent years. Even the way she carried herself was true to the Kiowa way, WhiteHorse said. WhiteHorse still teaches Kiowa to Anadarko students. Helena Zengel is a German child actress who is popular for appearing in the German film System Crasher (2019) and the American film News of the World (2020). In an interview, while talking about her fearless attitude, she said. Out internationally on Netflix but only in select theaters in the US on Christmas Day, "News of the World" follows Hanks as a Civil War veteran travelling hundreds of miles with a young girl (Zengel) in order to deliver her to her aunt and uncle, and help find her a place to call home. Helena also has her website to find her bio, news, contact, and many more. Helena Zengel: Germany's young Hollywood star. document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Garret Dillahunt Wiki, Height, Age, Wife, Family, Biography & More, Ryan Dorsey Wiki, Age, Height, Girlfriend, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More, Sylvie Vartan Wiki, Age, Boyfriend, Husband, Family, Biography & More, Matthew Stephen Smith Wiki, Height, Age, Girlfriend, Family, Biography & More, Joe Rogan Wiki, Age, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More, Suho (Kim Jun-myeon) Wiki, Age, Girlfriend, Wife, Family, Biography and More, Won the Creative Energy Award at the International Filmfestival Emden-Norderney (2019) for the film System Crasher (2019), Earned the title of Best Actress at the Santiago Festival Internacional de Cine (2019) for the film System Crasher (2019), Earned the title of Best Actress at the Palm Springs International Film Festival (2020) for the film System Crasher (2019), Earned the title of Best Actress at the Deutscher Filmpreis (2020) for the film System Crasher (2019), Won the title of Best Performance by a Youth at Phoenix Film Critics Society (2021) for the film News of the World (2020). She used to share her photo during movie shooting, enjoy with friends on social media. Ive had my own horse for about four years. WhiteHorse and the linguist began teaching the young actress the Kiowa language needed for her role nearly a year before the producers invited WhiteHorse and her daughter Lynda to join the set in New Mexico in September 2019. In the scene, Nora held her hand like a showerhead, and the child actor pretended to wash underneath it to indicate her transition back to herself. Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter. Taken in and raised by the Kiowa tribe, she is later removed by soldiers, and a traveling veteran, played by Hanks, agrees to bring her to a surviving aunt and uncle. Ive had my own horse for about four years. Courtesty of Universal. She says, " we kept on going until it became a bit ridiculous; no matter how good the girls were, I was comparing them to Helena. At the age of eight, she landed the first main role as Luca in the 2017 German drama film Die Tochter (Dark Blue Girl). In News of the World, Helena Zengel plays Johanna, who has been raised by the Kiowa tribe in the Great Plains of the United States. Also, its very fun to run around and scream.. WhiteHorse had eight children of her own. Tom Hanks had already signed on as the lead, so she would have to go toe to toe with a superstar, Greengrass said. To channelize her flooding energy, her parents enrolled her in ice-skating classes, and they also encouraged her to try a hand in acting. Ive been riding for seven, maybe eight years. Her mother, Anne Zengel, is a professional singer who also worked as a radio jockey at B2, a German radio network. Helena lives her life with zest and high-spiritedness. She once took her class on a field trip to see Palo Duro Canyon in Texas, the final holdout for the Kiowa clan before their removal in the late 19th century. Her favorite scenes in the film were the ones where she could show off her horseback-riding skills. Zengel explained to Screen Rant that she also had to learn a lot about the Kiowa culture. Helena Zengel at a figure skating competition, Helena Zengel next to her Kiowa teacher, Dorothy WhiteHorse, Ill jump from a thousand feet into the water. Like a cherub on a sugar high. This focus and willpower, her mother, Anne Zengel, explained, has been her daughters hallmark ever since she was a toddler. In 2020 she got a chance to play a lead role in the movie News of the World, where she playedthe role of Johanna Leonberger. Zengel had to act out a scene where Hanks Captain Kidd character, a Civil War veteran, rescues Johanna, who had been raised by the Native American Kiowa tribe that had kidnapped her and killed her family. Helena Zengel with her mother Career Helena Zengel began her acting career at the age of five when she appeared as a little girl in the music video of the song "Streets" by the Berlin Alternative rock band Abby. Enter Helena Zengel. Johanna had been captured and raised from a young age by the Kiowa after her German settler family was killed in Texas. Zengel said: "Doing it again and again for your partner when you don't even see yourself in the movie was really amazing and great." "News of the World" follows a Civil War veteran . To help Zengel distinguish herself from her traumatized character, Fingscheidt said, the two would mime a little scene once shooting was over, with the director holding her hand like a shower head and the child actor pretending to wash underneath it, to indicate her transition back to herself. Nora Fingscheidt, who directed Helena Zengel in her breakout role in System Crasher, knew that Zengel was the one early on. Helena Zengel (German: [hlena tsl]; born June 10, 2008) is a German actress. , They couldnt have picked a better teacher than Dorothy WhiteHorse DeLaune. In the film, Benni is a nine-year-old neurotic girl who bursts out if anyone, other than her mother, touches her face. Her career kicked off at the age of 5, and she had little to no formal training prior to that experience. It was great.". Helena Zengel is a German child actress who is best known for starring in the German film System Crasher (2019) and the American film News of the World (2020). We have an Icelandic mare called Helka, she says, and ridings my hobby, alongside sports, playing the piano and sewing. And contrary to what shows up onscreen, the actress says its when they say, Now close up on Helena, and you have to show everything on your face with no words at all thats tough.. View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro. Her hobbies include athletics, figure skating, dancing, skateboarding, and sewing. She may not be interested in love and relationships as she wants to pursue her study and acting career. Apart from being a skillful actor, she is also a podcaster. Although the character is onscreen for much of the movie, she has only a few lines of dialogue. [1] She is best known for her roles in the films System Crasher (2019) and News of the World (2020). She credits that mostly with spending time with friends who also speak the language, which made it necessary to improve quickly. WhiteHorse gave the child star a beaded cross the first time they met. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Having three times as much intensity as other children is coming in handy when it comes to difficult roles. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider This morning, 12-year-old German actress Helena Zengel earned her first Golden Globe nomination for her turn opposite Tom Hanks in Western, News of the World. However, details about her parents and siblings are still unknown to the public. We hold her in high regard and most of all we are proud of her and her accomplishments.. She came into the limelight with the 2019 German drama film System Crasher in which she played the protagonist Bernadette (Benni), a nine-year-old neurotic, aggressive, and uncontrollable girl who lashes out if anyone, other than her mother, touches her face. Tsoodle lives in Anadarko and portrayed the Kiowa chief. In the film, Luca is a seven-year-old girl who plays her parents against each other to prevent their reunion and to regain the top spot in her fathers life. If they were caught practicing any of their things, they were not going to kill us in that time but they were going to withhold their rations and their land allotment money and everything, she said. Greengrass told Gold Derby that he was set on Zengel from the moment he watched System Crasher. Her hobbies include athletics, figure skating, dancing, skateboarding, and sewing. Zengel was born and raised in Berlin, Germany, and People reports that she began her acting career at the age of 5. [8][9] Zengel also dubbed herself in the Italian,[10] German,[11] French[11] and Spanish[11] versions; the dubbing is limited to the lines she spoke in English. That performance won her best actress at the Lolas in 2019, Germanys equivalent of the Oscars, making her the youngest recipient of that prize. She was a winner for Best Creative Performance for her role in Systemsprenger in 2019. Only when he held out his hand and said, Its yours if you want it, I was so overwhelmed. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. WhiteHorse is not new to teaching the Kiowa language to children of all ages and ethnicities. In a recent Zoom conversation moderated by veteran film critic Thelma Adams, Greengrass and Zengel . Helena Zengel in News of the World (2020). Its hard to reconcile this bouncy tween with Zengels terrifying breakout performance as Benni in Nora Fingscheidts 2019 film System Crasher, playing a violent, near-feral child who lashes out at anyone who tries to help her. He previously won back-to-back best actor awards in 1994 and 1995 for "Philadelphia" and "Forrest Gump," respectively. Helena Zengels mothers name is Anne Zengel. Zengel says the experience of making System Crasher helped her prepare for her role as Johanna, which she conceded was not as extreme. "I think I am a loud person, and I'm a person who likes people and being in public and also speaking. Anyone can read what you share. Its in the quiet scenes of News of the World (which has little dialogue) that Zengel shines, especially when her cold blue eyes slowly soften as they dial through feelings of fear, fury and, eventually, affection. Jefferson Kyle Kidd (Hanks), a Confederate veteran who travels from town-to-town reading the news, as he seeks to return the 10-year-old Johanna (Zengel) to her last living relative. That performance won her best actress this spring at the Lolas, Germanys equivalent of the Oscars, making her the youngest recipient of that prize. She had a lot of fun on the set. In an interview, Helenas mother, Anna Zengel, said, She had to function in society, so we had to figure out how to redirect her energy.. After System Crasher won a number of international awards, Zengel was cast by Universal Pictures to play a leading role in the American Western film News of the World, directed by the British film director Paul Greengrass. She enrolled Helena in ice-skating classes, and encouraged her to try acting. I had a strong sense then, literally, as I watched it. Biography, She said she didnt learn English until she was about 6 years old. It was the summer of 2019 in the lobby of London's Soho Hotel. She works as a professional singer and a radio jockey at B2, a German radio network. I stand in front of the camera, I know what I want, and I do it, she said, matter-of-factly. During the child actors audition, in which she was asked to improvise a scene in which she freaks out by screaming and throwing things, Fingscheidt said that she was drawn in by the way her eyes sparkled when I told her she could behave as badly as she wanted.. She is a German having the zodiac sign of Leo. Before being cast in the film, she says, she had never heard of Hanks. Click here to subscribe. With this recognition for her American She gained immense popularity with the 2019 German drama film System Crasher in which she played the protagonist Bernadette (Benni), whose anger issues and past trauma hinder her from finding permanent care. It has been my lifetime goal. ", What You Don't Know About Helena Zengel, The 12-Year-Old Star Of News Of The World, Hanks is often described as being very down-to-earth. Helena Zengel, a then-11-year-old German actress with a still-shaky command of English, was meeting British director Paul . The 12-year-old actor and Hanks star together in the new cowboy film, which was . The thing about acting is that you just need to do it, and as long as youre happy with it, then youre doing it right, Zengel says. As a toddler, Helena was an over-energetic frisky child. She received the price for her role in News of the World with Tom Hanks. Fingscheidt told Films in Frame that Zengel was the seventh child she auditioned, and quickly became the girl she compared everyone else to, even once it seemed pointless. Sitting in her room in Berlin on a Zoom call against a backdrop of pink duvets and stuffed animals, the German actress looks at once angelic with her straw blond hair and sharp blue eyes and hyperactive. Sie has been starring with Tom Hanks in News of the World". Luckily, she was able to pick it up fairly quickly. It's the second collaboration from Hanks and Greengrass, who previously worked together on 2013's "Captain Phillips," which was nominated for six Oscars including best picture. Helena Zengel with her mother Career At the age of five, Helena embarked on the beginning of her acting career when she made an appearance as a little girl in the music video of the song "Streets" by the rock band Abby. 02/10/2021 February 10, 2021. The award was given without any ceremony just via mail due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Zengel began her acting career when she was just five, in a music video for a Berlin alt-rock band called Abby, and was cast in a leading role at eight - in a prickly piece called The Daughter . The thing about acting is that you just need to do it, and as long as youre happy with it, then youre doing it right, Zengel said. Zengel, whose first professional gig was in a music video at the of age 5, gallops through the story, barely pausing for breath. The thing about acting is that you just need to do it, and as long as youre happy with it, then youre doing it right, Zengel said. She made her Hollywood debut in 2020s News of the World, in which she starred as Johanna alongside veteran actor Tom Hanks.In 2021, she became one of the youngest actresses to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a Critics Choice Award. She has popped up in several notable shows, including News of the World (2020), System Crasher (2019), and Dark Blue Girl (2017). Helena Zengel ('News of the World') is dark horse Oscar contender for Best Supporting Actress. The series follows Fredo Schulz, an alcoholic and former police officer who is brought back to investigate the case of a wanted sex offender. Thereafter, he accepts the responsibility of taking Johanna to her surviving family. Born to musician parents, Zengel is proficient in pianoforte. WhiteHorse called her a wonder child. At only 10 years old, she was already very knowledgeable about Kiowa history, even before learning several lines of the language for her role. The zestful and exuberant actress pursues various hobbies in her leisure time to use her energy productively. Her excellent skills in figure skating have garnered her prizes in various figure skating competitions. She appeared in the episodes titled Flowerpower (2016) as Anja Rothmann and Sommermrchen (2017) as Lilly Weyer of ZDF Enterprises police procedural series Die Spezialisten Im Namen der Opfer (Never too late for justice). Born into a musical family, Zengel is trained in pianoforte. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. She has blonde hair with beautiful blue eyes. WhiteHorse was born on Jan. 25, 1933, in a teepee near Anadarko, about 60 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. Helena Zengel is just 12 years old; We can predict that she is not mature enough to have a boyfriend. Helena Zengel was born in Berlin, Germany, in 2008. And I grew up like that. Her earliest forays into acting, at age 4, had emerged largely out of parental frustration, she said, because her daughter had three times as much intensity as other children and would act out if she was denied something she wanted. Helena Zengel was a winner for the title Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role and Best Actress in 2020 for her role in Systemsprenger. Hele is 12 years old and an actress. Helena Zengel also has a really funny story about her first audition for News of the World: her mom stood in for Tom Hanks to help her daughter perform the scene. The first time WhiteHorse met Zengel, she gave the child actress a beaded cross, and the second time, she gave her a little doll. In 2017, Zengel caught the attention of Nora Fingscheidt, the German director of System Crasher, a harrowing drama centered on a girl named Benni who is abused as a baby and abandoned by her mother, and who later lashes out at her caregivers and the society around her. Helena Zengel at a figure skating competition, Helena Zengel next to her Kiowa teacher, Dorothy WhiteHorse, Ill jump from a thousand feet into the water. Her favorite destination is Berlin. Taken in and raised by the Kiowa tribe, she is later removed by soldiers, and a travelling veteran, played by Hanks, agrees to bring her to a surviving aunt and uncle. In 2017 she got an opportunity to play in the movie The Daughter. ", The actress, who already has twelve other IMDB credits to her name, continued: "He cried in every scene that I should get emotional. She said she was open to moving to the United States, though her mother said she was intent on her daughter having a normal childhood, and that she was comforted by Germanys comparatively low-key celebrity culture. She garnered widespread praise last year for her portrayal of a semi-feral nine-year-old in the movie System Crasher, which went on to be Germanys official submission to the Academy Awards. I think Id seen The Da Vinci Code before, but I didnt know who he was, she said. Zengel on the set of News of the World.. This fall, Variety magazine selected her as one of its actors to watch and she said she had received offers for other roles in recent months, but that she was waiting until the pandemic subsided before making any decisions.
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