Figures exclude Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe[119], A demographic analysis of the population balance by the West German government in 1960 put the total military losses of the Wehrmacht at 4,440,000; 3,760,000 for Germany (1937 borders); 430,000 conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and 250,000 from Austria.[120]. Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). The foreword to the book was written by German President. WebThere are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. by tigre 29 Feb 2008, 20:30, Post [38] A Dr. Slanina packed the chest wound, while Dr. Walter Diek, the Sudeten German chief of surgery at the hospital, tried to remove the shrapnel splinters. Page 202", "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing raids. Comrades, surrender! The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. "[32][33] As Klein gave pursuit, Heydrich stumbled along the pavement before collapsing against the bonnet of his wrecked car. [21] Upon learning of the nature of the mission, resistance leaders begged the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to call off the attack, saying that "[a]n attempt against Heydrich's life would be of no use to the Allies and its consequences for our people would be immeasurable". According to Karl Hermann Frank's postwar testimony, Hitler knew Zelewski to be even harsher than Heydrich. [39] He soon slipped into a deep coma and never regained consciousness, dying on 4 June around 04:30. The schedule below details the statistics published by the West German government 1956. He ran out to the street and attracted Klein's attention by shouting and pointing inside the shop. [78], In October 2011, a memorial plaque was unveiled on residential block Porchester Gate (London), which housed the Czechoslovak military intelligence service and where the Operation Anthropoid was planned in October 1941.[79][80]. Marshall's figure is 126,000. The estimate by West German government in November 1949 for Germany in 1937 borders was 450,000 killed in bombing and 50,000 in ground fighting. However, the declaration did not commit the UK to Czechoslovakia's pre-Munich borders and did not declare the Munich agreement void ab initio as Czechoslovakia wanted, thus the statement has been questioned as a full repudiation of the deal. -Civilian deaths- These are deaths due to natural causes not directly related to the war. Marshall's figure for the Central Pacific is 273,000. State Secretary in the German. The wartime military casualty figures compiled by German High Command, up until January 31, 1945, are often cited by military historians when covering individual campaigns in the war. A third plan was to kill Heydrich in Prague. In 1992 when Overmans began the project, German military dead in the war listed at the military search service Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) were 4.3 million men (3.1 million confirmed dead and 1.2 missing and presumed dead). We are Czechs! WebVietnam (killed only) 10.9. George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002 Pages 272-273, Overmans has made the following points in Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Mller-Hillebrand maintained that the OKW figures did not present an accurate accounting of German casualties because they understated losses in the final months of the war on the eastern front and post war deaths of POW in Soviet captivity. Note: This category is intended solely for those members of the German armed forces killed as a result of their military service and not those executed during internal purges, or those who died in Allied custody post-war. Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the assailants alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenfhrer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. As it slowed down and rounded the corner, Gabk, who concealed his Sten submachine gun under a raincoat, dropped the raincoat and raised the gun, and, at close range, tried to shoot Heydrich, but the gun jammed. 54 w.e.April 1st. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. (B) Includes 3,404,949 disarmed enemy forces. Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. by Lornito Uriarte Mahinay Jr. 19 Apr 2008, 11:42, Post Figures do not include Austria. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and mass killings of civilians. In early 1945 the German High Command (OKW) prepared a summary of total losses up to January 31, 1945. 138 Squadron RAF at 22:00 on 28 December 1941. In support of the latter possibility, particles of fat and blood clots were found at autopsy in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and severe oedema was noted in the upper lobes of the lungs, while the lower lobes were collapsed. Heydrich, his face pale and contorted in pain, pointed toward the fleeing Slovak, saying, "Get that bastard! Of the 350,000 civilians listed as dead (not including refugees), 126,000 of the deaths occurred after January 31, 1945. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. (A parallel Polish summary translation was also included, this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994. Bacque's book received wide attention when it was first published in 1989, since then his claims have been challenged by historians who have found his thesis to be unsubstantiated. [46] According to this theory, based on statements made by Paul Fildes, a Porton Down botulism researcher, the No. Based on information available in January 1946, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. put German military dead at 3,250,000. [137], See Also: Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, are sometimes included with World War II casualties. Like his father, Gerhardt pursued a career as an army officer, graduating in the West Point class of 1917. WebWW2 Mysteries. Multiple memorials have been created in different nations such as in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and in the United Kingdom as a result of both the assassination and its aftermath. [124], 2- The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded[125][126], 3-The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000[127][126] According to the report "no complete and accurate figures on German civilian air raid casualties, covering the entire period of the war, are available". [66] This, plus the fact that most surrenders occurred in April 1945, suggests that (unlike on the Eastern Front (World War II), where the number of German killed and wounded far exceeded the number of prisoners taken by the Soviets), most German soldiers who surrendered to the Western Allies did so without a fight. A staggering Heydrich came towards Gabk, who dropped his Sten and tried to reach his bicycle, but was forced to abandon the attempt and took cover behind a telegraph pole, firing at Heydrich with his pistol. They maintain the files of over 18 million men who served in the war. German military personnel killed in World War II, German Army personnel killed in World War II, Austrian military personnel killed in World War II, Kriegsmarine personnel killed in World War II, Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II, Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_military_personnel_killed_in_World_War_II&oldid=1135380332, German military personnel killed in action, Military personnel killed in World War II by nationality, German military personnel of World War II, Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 101200 pages, CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 09:15. by tigre 28 Mar 2008, 21:21, Post There are 473 Medal of Honor recipients from the war. Page 61", Imperial War Museum- German and Italian Prisoners of War in the United Kingdom, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report, Germany and the Second World War, Volume 9, Part 1 Page 475 By Germany (West). information on burial sites and memorials of both wars. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General Government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Brkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 pp.45-6, Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. Generalleutnant Friedrich Zickwolff was also wounded due to 'partisan' activity in Brittany and died as a consequence. (Not including living POWs still held.). [65] Gabk, Josef Valk, Jaroslav varc, and Jan Hrub killed themselves in the crypt after repeated SS attacks, attempts to force them out with tear gas, and fire brigade trucks brought in to try to flood the crypt. -Emigrated & murdered Jews- The Statistisches Bundesamt (German government Statistical Office) gave a total of 200,000 Jews who had emigrated or were murdered, they did not estimate those actually who were murdered. WebGreene is the highest-ranking officer to have been killed in either Iraq or Afghanistan. Page 202. [43] The alternate history novel The Man with the Iron Heart by Harry Turtledove is based on the premise that Heydrich survived the 1942 assassination attempt, and led a postwar insurgency campaign, using the Werwolf. Amongst others, the German historian Wolfgang Benz believes that the use of the term "Bombing Holocaust" runs contrary to historical fact. Portrayals in literature and popular culture. Deaths of POW were 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. WebLt Gen Timothy Maude became the highest-ranking officer killed by foreign action since Gen Buckner when a passenger plane crashed into the Pentagon on 9/11. Hitler attended the Berlin ceremony and placed the German Order and Blood Order medals on Heydrich's funeral pillow. In 1956 the West German government figures in the table below list an estimated about 5.5 million deaths (military and civilian) directly caused by the war within the borders of 1937. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), The breakdown of Japanese military deaths, based on the Relief Bureau's figures, is available on the. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. [17] Germany (West). According to a report published by the Reuters News Agency, on July29 1945 highly confidential archives found at Flensburg, in the house of General Reinecke showed German losses up to November 30, 1944, as 3.6 million, detailed in the following schedule. The following schedule compares the total dead and living POW according to Overmans at 12/31/1944 with the figures of the German High Command. [61], It is worth noting that the allied armies which captured the 2.8 million German soldiers up to April 30, 1945, while Adolf Hitler was still alive and resisting as hard as he could, comprised at their peak 88 divisions,[62] with a peak strength in May 1945 of 2,639,377 in the US and 1,095,744 in the British and Canadian forces. The Russian NKVD tortured a great Published: July 30, 2019. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. [63] The casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and 78,680 taken prisoner,[64][65] a total loss of 780,860 to 811,846 to inflict a loss of 2.8 million prisoners on the German army. [134], The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 160,000 German Jews)[135], A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 Euthanasia program at over 200,000 persons. by Lornito Uriarte Mahinay Jr. 19 Apr 2008, 11:54, Post WebMay 27, 1942 -- Highest Ranking Nazi Killed in WWII - Reinhard Heydrich -- Seventy- One Years Later: Could Author Joanie UN World Refugee Day - June 20, 2013 --74 years (over 300,000 plus 1,500,000. The current view of the German government is that these losses were due to an aggressive war started by the German nation. at 215,000. The assassination attempt, code-named Operation Anthropoid, was carried out by resistance operatives Jozef Gabk and Jan Kubi on 27 May 1942. He would gain the dubious distinction of being the highest ranking American soldier killed in combat in World War II. [29], Heydrich and Klein leapt out of the shattered Mercedes with drawn pistols; Klein ran towards Kubi, who had staggered against the railings, while Heydrich went to Gabk, who stood paralyzed holding the Sten. [168] Rdiger Overmans believes that "on the basis of factual individual data, shown before, the thesis of the Canadian James Bacque cannot be supported". According to Gregory Frumkin this presumably referred to aggregate German forces including those conscripted outside the 1937 German borders. [58][59], The Western Allies also took 134,000 German soldiers prisoner in North Africa[60] , and at least 220,000 by the end of April 1945 in the Italian campaign[60] Nothing will happen to you! The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records. The Daily Telegraph Story of the War Vol. [133] Not included in these figures are civilians who died in the fighting and atrocities in East-Prussia (Konigsberg, Pillau), Pommerania (Danzig, Kolberg) and Silesia (Breslau). "[68] For comparison, in the Battle of Halbe on the Eastern Front from 24 April to 1 May 1945, over 30,000 German soldiers, out of a much smaller number encircled, were killed fighting the Red Army.[69]. [45] Another suggestion was that Heydrich died of a massive pulmonary embolism (probably a fat embolism). I HATE this guy. The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. Overmans maintains that many individual reports of casualties were not processed by the end of the war and are not reflected in the German High Command (OKW) statistics.[20]. A 1990 study by the East German historian. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Hubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. [57] On 9 June 1942, the Germans committed the Lidice massacre; 199 men were killed, 195 women were deported to Ravensbrck concentration camp, and 95 children taken prisoner. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. [68], Two large funeral ceremonies were held for Heydrich as one of the most important Nazi leaders, first in Prague, where the way to Prague Castle was lined by thousands of SS men with torches, and then in Berlin attended by all high-ranking Nazi figures. Czechs in World War II", "The attentat on SS Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich", "Jsme ei! According to Overmans, the casualty reporting system broke down in the chaos at the end of the war. [39] Heydrich's superior, Heinrich Himmler, sent his personal physician, Karl Gebhardt, who flew to Prague and arrived that evening. Nothing happened to me either. Currently, the commission runs an online database in which soldiers' family can search for the missing relatives. 2,055,575 German soldiers surrendered between D-day and April 16, 1945, The Times, April 19 p 4; 755,573 German soldiers surrendered between April 1 and 16, The Times, April 18 p 4, which means that 1,300,002 German soldiers surrendered to the Western Allies between D-day and the end of March 1945. Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[111] Central Pacific,[112] India-Burma,[113] China[114] and Aleutians. [8] Due to his brutal efficiency, Heydrich was nicknamed the Butcher of Prague, the Blond Beast, and the Hangman. Adolf Eichmann. During the cold war in West Germany there were claims that one million German prisoners of war were held in secret by the USSR. Founded in 1999. [6][7], Heydrich came to Prague to "strengthen policy, carry out countermeasures against resistance", and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". [121] However, estimates from other sources tend to be lower, ranging from 305,000 to 500,000 persons killed by Allied bombing of German cities. Klein tried to shoot at him, but dazed by the explosion, pressed the magazine release catch and the gun jammed.[30][31]. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. Some chose suicide; Adolf Hitler Overy maintains that the German estimates are based on incorrect speculations for losses during the final months of the war when there was a gap in the record keeping system. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. [5] The operation was the only verified government-sponsored assassination of a senior Nazi leader during the Second World War. Operation Anthropoid was the only successful government-organized assassination of a top-ranking Nazi official. Of the children, 81 were later killed in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp, WebBellinger and the others managed to escape, and they later returned to retrieve Roses body. Gen. Lesley McNair was one of the highest ranking American officers killed in World War II. The Hahn's believe that the official German figure of 2 million deaths is a historical myth that lacks foundation. The family was made to stand in the hallway while the Gestapo searched their flat. Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. -Expulsion and deportation dead - This estimate is only for the. (, Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. [12] Moreover, decisions about whether to conduct assassinations of this kind are resistant to a rational choice process, as computing the probability of success or the likely benefits and costs involved is inherently difficult, and even if it were possible, the benefits (in this case, the diplomatic value of British repudiation of the Munich Agreement) are not in a form that Bene could readily compare against the nature of the costs (the loss of Czech civilian lives). [48], Heydrich's condition while hospitalized was not documented in detail, but he was not noted to have developed any of the distinctive symptoms associated with botulism, which have a gradual onset, invariably including paralysis, with death generally resulting from respiratory failure. Der Ruhrkessel: Ende der Kmpfe im Westen Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, der SS und Gestapo an der Bevlkerung bis zum letzten Tag, Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917, "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. The missing (697,319) does not include confirmed deaths in captivity, however on page 288 Overmans mentions 400,000 missing in the East in 1945 and states that this figure of missing was based on his finding that two thirds of deaths during the "final battles" occurred in the East of Germany. [108] Italian fascist forces fought in the Italian campaign until the end of the war with the Italian Social Republic. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. For his actions, Bishop Gorazd was later glorified as a martyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church. He pointed out that this was the case of some Germans in American and British hospitals. They were declared citizens of the Third Reich by law and therefore subject to drumhead court-martial in case of draft evasion. [38] The surgeons reinflated the collapsed left lung, removed the tip of the fractured 11th rib, sutured the torn diaphragm, inserted several catheters, and removed the spleen, which contained a grenade fragment and upholstery. The German invasion of the Soviet Union had stimulated acts of sabotage by Czech communists, leading to Heydrich's appointment. A [2] Heydrich was wounded in the attack[3] and died of his wounds on 4 June 1942.[4]. [115]) Marshall's figure for China is much lower than that of the Relief Bureau (126,000 vs. 435,600), but for the theaters where Japanese forces confronted American and British Empire forces the sum of Marshall's figures (1,093,000) is slightly higher than the sum of the Relief Bureau's figures for these theaters (1,020,900). Never! Jan Hrub, who died in the fight with German troops in the crypt of the Church of Saint Cyril and Methodius, Memorial in the crypt of the Church of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5074N 142751E / 50.11778N 14.46417E / 50.11778; 14.46417 (Assassination location in Prague). Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians, conscripted ethnic Germans, Volkssturm, and other paramilitary forces. Later, it underwent significant reconstruction and the extended exposition was reopened in 2010. Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol 3. -Other, misc. 73 anti-tank grenade used in the attack had been modified to contain the toxin. Roughly 200 German resisters participated in Operation Valkyrie, the failed July 20, 1944, plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime. One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. Heydrich was first placed in the driver's cab, but complained that the truck's movement was causing him pain. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Ji Weil's 1959 book Mendelssohn is on the Roof features the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich as a subplot. (transl. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses (in 1937 German borders) directly related to the war range between 5.5[149] to 6.9 million persons. They were given considerable freedom and mixed with local people. [43] After the collapse of communism, data from the Soviet Archives became available concerning the deaths of German POWs in the USSR. Official statistics published by the West German government 1956 put the death toll due to air raids at 635,000. WebThe casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and [163] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. [57] One reason for this huge difference, possibly the most important, was that German forces facing the Red Army tended to fight to the end for fear of Soviet captivity whereas German forces facing the Western Allies tended to surrender without putting up much if any resistance. [129], The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland.
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