The best land, water, and climate for producing food is often far from where demand is the highest. Proceedings of the National border-radius: 2px; and Soil Sci. The ash is very fine, and will become integrated with the soil relatively quickly, provided the ash isnt overly acidic. Figure 3 is a stunning photograph demonstrating the devastating effects of this severe wind erosion. Hillel, D. Out of the Why is California so good for farming? Berry, W. L. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz a:not( .fca_qc_share_link ), Nature Education Knowledge 2, More importantly with the gold rush on many believed the area could contain just as much gold as other recent discoveries. The central valley of California formed a large prehistoric lake. Millions of dollars are being spent on replenishing the aquifer that has been depleted for so long. Naughton, J. J., Lewis, V. A., Hammond, D., & Nishimoto, D. (1974, November). In 2008 the cost of phosphorus as fertilizer more than doubled, while the price of rock phosphate as base commodity rose eight-fold. Filial Cannibalism: Why Do Animals Sometimes Kill And Eat Their Own Young? People looking for farm work during the Great Depression often moved to California Look at the statements below about the 1930s. Because their lands have been in production for so long, they tend to have first dibs on water that comes out of the Sacramento River, before it is channeled through canals and tunnels down south. Are There Any All-Female Species In The Wild? Hes not sure he will replant them anytime soon. conservation agriculture: An approach to farming which minimizes degradation and/or loss of natural resources while providing sufficient crop yield and economic benefit. This usually occurs when heavy tractors, trucks and other machines are driven over soil, particularly if soils are wet. of Washington Press, This mid-latitude region has a temperate climate perfect for agriculture: a long growing season, plentiful sunshine, and defined seasons. Theyre creating ponds and ditches, carving up the landscape, again, to restore the groundwater squandered for so long. As plant material and animal wastes are decomposed by micro-organisms, they release inorganic nutrients to the soil solution, a process referred to as mineralization. Healthy soils function smoothly. The present-day land surface in Illinois so flat due to process known as Glaciation. If you cant pump as much water from under the ground, you simply cant farm as much land in the San Joaquin Valley. The shift from hunter-gatherer societies to an agrarian way of life drastically changed the course of human history and irreversibly altered natural nutrient cycling within soils. California's central valley has more than half a million acres of San Joaquin soils. While typically limited by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, low levels of carbon dioxide can also act as a limiting factor on plant growth. source of water pollution. This week, temperatures in parts of California and the Pacific Northwest have been shattering records. What is Radioactivity and Is It Always Harmful: Explained in Really Simple Words. Sciences 363, 659-666, doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176 (2008). But What Is It Without Water? Do you want to LearnCast this session? Although agriculture is essential for human food and the stability of complex societies, almost all of our evolution has taken place in small, mobile, kin-based social groups, such as bands and tribes (Diamond 1999, Johanson & Edgar 2006). This is because soil erosion and other forms of soil degradation generally result in a decline in quality with respect to one or more of the aspects indicated above. Workshops. A dark color indicates that the soil is poor in organic matter. Our social evolution has accelerated since the Agricultural Revolution and taken place synergistically with human biological evolution, as we have become dependent on domesticated plants and animals grown purposefully in highly managed, soil-water systems. parent material: The geologic and organic material from which soil is formed through a variety pedogenic processes. Which state has the healthiest soil? Throughout human history, our relationship with the soil has affected our ability to cultivate crops and influenced the success of civilizations. Loamy-textured soils are commonly described as medium textured with functionally-equal contributions of sand, silt, and clay. These soil components fall into two categories. Expert Answer. Also Read: Why Do Some Volcanoes Explode And Others Dont? Simon and Schuster, New York. Copy. The blue arrows represent basic nutrient pathways such as plant uptake, biomass decomposition, and nutrient return to soil. doi:10.1038/nature01014 (2002). In the agroecosystem fertilizer (e.g., manure, compost, chemical) is applied and nutrients are removed through plant harvest (red arrows). Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. These are trade-offs every farmer has to make, what they can fallow and what they cant, she said. 2001. By 2040, the San Joaquin Valley is projected to lose at least 535,000 acres of agricultural production. Volcanic soil is so fertile because it is derived from both volcanic lava and volcanic ash,both of which are rich in certain key nutrients, such as iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon andmany other trace elements, a rich combination that can act as a stimulant for plant growth. How France will . At the same time, the average global citizen is expected to have a more energy-intensive diet, with greater overall caloric intake and more calories coming from protein sources. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38:2478-2480. For example, clay soils (generally more than 40 percent clay) are often poorly drained. A California farmer decides it makes better business sense to sell his water than to grow rice. In exploring the link between soil and agriculture, this article will highlight 1) our transition from hunter-gatherer to agrarian societies; 2) the major soil properties that contribute to fertile soils; 3) the impacts of intensive agriculture on soil degradation; and 4) the basic concepts of sustainable agriculture and soil management. The Central Valley's fertile soil and extended growing season make it one of the major agricultural regions in the United States. For example, in Colonial New England, colonists made a number of decisions that depleted the soils, including: allowing herd animals to wander freely, not replenishing soils with manure, and a sequence of events that led to erosion. In order to maintain soil fertility for sufficient crop yields, soil amendments are typically required. Soil filters the water we drink, grows the food we eat, and captures the carbon dioxide that causes climate change. Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . Lal, R. Soil-erosion from Of these resources, soil and water have provided humans with the ability to produce food, through agriculture, for our sustenance. Munns, D. N. Soils: An Introduction, 6th ed. b. A team of scientists just came up with a staggering new estimate for just how much has disappeared. Coupled with the ideal climate, the U.S. has a disproportionate share of the worlds best farmland. Of the mineral elements, the primary macronutrients (N, P, and K) are needed in the greatest quantities from the soil and are the plant nutrients most likely to be in short supply in agricultural soils. Water pollution So for five days I drove through the southern half of the valley. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. For a thorough analysis of these cycles, additional reference materials are available (Bernhard 2010, Brady & Weil 2008, Troeh & Thompson 1993). Surface soils are composed of approximately 1 to 6% organic matter, with SOM decreasing with depth (Brady & Weil 2002). border: #151515 0px solid; Developments in Soil Science. Early humans soon learned to amend their fields with animal manure, charcoal, ash, and lime (CaCO3) to improve soil fertility. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. } Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. Soil is the largest carbon sink after the ocean and holds more carbon than. The following properties contribute to soil fertility in most situations: In lands used for agriculture and other human activities, maintenance of soil fertility typically requires the use of soil conservation practices. Chemsitry of Soils, 2nd ed. The balance between immobilization and mineralization processes depends on the balance and availability of major nutrients and organic carbon to soil microorganisms. Many of these soils are Oxisols and Ultisols. The rye and buckwheat, among other cover crops, provided more organic matter to the soil, further feeding microorganisms like. Figure 2:Mollisol soil profile showing thick dark A horizon with high organic matter content. There are at least four aspects to California's agricultural economy that contributes to its success: its natural resources (land, sunny climate and water resources), its access to markets, its hard-working labor force, and the entrepreneurial nature of California's farm sector. Net soil formation estimated using literature values for the rate of soil formation of 0.025 to 0.125 mm/yr (Lal 1984, Montgomery 2007, Pimentel et al. Appl. Johanson, D.C., and B. Edgar. deforestation: The cutting and clearing of forests and other vegetation. He has ripped out 400 acres of almonds. Why Do People Indulge In Extreme And Dangerous Sports? Agriculture alters the natural cycling of nutrients in soil. Why is the soil in the Midwest so fertile? #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.correct-answer { The fallen ash clouds total area can stretch for hundreds of square miles. As the layer of fertile topsoil thins, it gets increasingly difficult to grow crops. Press, 2003. Garden soils are rarely fertile enough to supply all of the nutrients required for the best growth of plants. While soil is frequently referred to as the "fertile substrate", not all soils are suitable for growing crops. At a March 2015 conference on Climate Smart Agriculture, Le Foll proposed the ambitious target of increasing French soil carbon contents by 0.4% year-on-year ("4 pour mille"). He grows organic cantaloupes and watermelons on most of his 2,000 acres, destined for supermarket shelves nationwide. It is important to understand that dirt in every part of the world is different, composed of different mineral concentrations, particulate matter, pollutants, and any other substance that floats in the atmosphere in a given region. Soil fertility has declined in the farming regions of Africa and the use of artificial and natural fertilizers has been used to regain the nutrients of ground soil. And, rivers have an important role to play in making the soils fertile. Univeristy of California Press, 2007. Intensive cultivation and harvesting of crops for human or animal consumption can effectively mine the soil of plant nutrients. The hot, dry San Joaquin Valley became cotton farms at the turn of the 20th century, at the time with water flowing from the north through fields of alfalfa and then strawberries and grapes. These are among the signs of a huge transformation up and down Californias Central Valley, the countrys most lucrative agricultural belt, as it confronts both an exceptional drought and the consequences of years of pumping far too much water out of its aquifers. Fertile soils produce more food, promote biodiversity, hold moisture better, and are less susceptible to erosion, floods, nutrient loss, and desertification. Subbarao, G. V., Ito, O., c. Yellow or red hues in the soil indicate the presence of iron or aluminum. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div:not( .correct-answer ):not( .wrong-answer ){ The lack of any one of these essential nutrients, listed in Table 1, can result in a severe limitation of crop yield an example of the principle of limiting factors. So thoroughly have aquifers been depleted that farmers are now investing millions of dollars to put water back into the ground. Soil depletion occurs when the components which contribute to fertility are removed and not replaced, and the conditions which support soil's fertility are not maintained. Developments in Soil Science. The soil left once the lake drained through the channel that is now the straights of . The efficiency of fertilizer application and use by crops is not always optimized, and excess nutrients, especially N and P, can be transported via surface runoff or leaching from agricultural fields and pollute surface- and groundwater (Moss 2008, Sharpley et al. color: #151515; cation exchange capacity: Operationally defined measurement of a soil's ability to exchange positive ions between the soil particles (e.g., clay, organic matter) and solution surrounding these particles. These particles are ubiquitous in soil and, due to their high surface area, are highly reactive. Soil fertility may be defined as the ability of soil to provide all essential plant nutrients in available forms and in a suitable balance whereas soil productivity is the resultant of several factors such as soil fertility, good soil management practices availability of water supply and suitable climate. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park. d. Yellow or red hues in the soil indicate the presence of calcium or magnesium. Fritz Durst, a rice farmer, pumped groundwater in the Central Valley this month. History of Agricultural Biotechnology: How Crop Development has Evolved, Introduction to the Sorption of Chemical Constituents in Soils. The groundwater restrictions will soon limit his ability to pump. With more and more rivers joining the main river along the way, the volume of silt increases. background-color: #abdc8c; 08/23/2019. background-color: #dbdbdb; Soil does all this by performing five essential functions: Geophysical Research Letters. These and other factors (e.g., population pressures, climate change, encouraging/protecting desirable plants), help to lay the groundwork for the Agricultural Revolution and caused a dramatic shift in the interactions between humans and the earth. Tilman, D. Global Brady, N. C. & Weil, Denitrification may occur under anaerobic conditions (flooding) in the presence of denitrifying bacteria. 2003). Savanna, steppe, prairie, or pampas: They're all grasslands, the globe's most agriculturally useful habitats. Answer in 2-3 . Study now. Ideal soils for agriculture are balanced in contributions from mineral components (sand: 0.052 mm, silt: 0.0020.05 mm, clay: <0.002 mm), soil organic matter (SOM), air, and water. Figure 2 is a photograph of an organic matter-rich soil (mollisol) formed under prairie vegetation in the United States. of the United States of America 104, 13268-13272 (2007) doi:10.1073/pnas.0611508104. The Great Plains was once known for its rich, fertile, prairie soil that had taken thousands of years to build up. Maintaining a narrow range in soil pH is beneficial to crop growth. Figure 1:Simplified nutrient cycling schemes for (a) a natural ecosystem and (b) an agroecosystem. A Fertile Valley The Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys form the 450-mile-long Central Valley, which was once an inland sea. As such, all plants require access to both light and carbon dioxide to produce energy, grow and reproduce. Ammonium sulfate, iron sulfate, or elemental sulfur can be added to soil to lower pH. The removal of the forest, the increase in destructive floods, the soil compaction and close-cropping wrought by grazing animals, ploughing--all served to increase erosion."[10]. Sims, G. K., and M. M. Wander. $25.00. It makes economic sense, Mr. Fiack said flatly. Soil is considered by scientists to be a non-renewable resource, because although it can be createdfrom decaying plant material and the slow, geological breakdown of mineralsthe process is extremely slow. Sediment from mountain erosion created its ultrarich soil. [6][7] Natural processes such as lightning strikes may fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to (NO2). Implementation of agricultural best management practices (BMPs), and through the practice of conservation agriculture, the rate of soil loss can be reduced to approximately equal the rate of soil formation, although often still greater than that in natural systems (Table 2). Nearby, off Interstate 5, Joe Del Bosque had been counting on that rice water from the north. 86 likes, 3 comments - @dirt.disciple on Instagram: "It's EARTH DAY and *stilll* so many people don't want to compost. Do Plants Hold The Soil Or Is It The Other Way Round? Accordingly, these lands are referred to as the orchard lands of the world.. Soil textureThe textural designation of a soil is determined by its relative portions of sand, silt, and clay particles, and indicates which of the three most influence the soil's properties.Sand, silt, and clay soil properties are obviously dominated by those respective fractions. Forty-three of its crops gross over $1 million apiece annually; seven of those rake in over $100 million each, with head and leaf lettuce totalling about $600 million. } Depending on the particular chemical composition of the ash and lava, it could have a negative impact on the soil, primarily through making the soil more acidic. University of California Were still looking for anybody out there who has any drop of water we can purchase and transfer, he said gamely. 568:1-5. The valley grows some 90 . When humans sowed the first crop seeds at the dawn of the Neolithic Period, the soil provided plant-essential nutrients and served as the foundation for human agriculture. The depletion of soil has affected the state of plant life and crops in agriculture in many countries. So, when a river flows, it continues to erode the land and collect mud and silt as a result. & However, soil derived from ash and soil derived from lava, on their own, is not necessarily the same thing. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div.fakehover, Soils can become compacted at the surface, but also at the layer of soil just below the depth of tillage (subsoil compaction). In some cases, the lava fields that form after a volcanic eruption, the largest of which can stretch fordozens of square miles, will permanently change the ecosystem in the area. Ideal soils for agriculture are balanced in contributions from . Theres less snowpack, and, this year, much less water in the reservoirs and rivers that ultimately irrigate fields, provide spawning places for fish and supply drinking water for 39 million Californians. Nature 418, 671-677, Sustainable Agriculture. Human society has developed through utilization of our planet's resources in amazingly unique, creative, and productive ways that have furthered human evolution and sustained global societies. The most fertile . As plant material and animal wastes are decomposed by micro-organisms, they release inorganic nutrients to the soil solution, a process referred to as mineralization. Prehistoric Transition to Agriculture. Nutrient cations, including potassium and many micronutrients, are held in relatively strong bonds with the negatively charged portions of the soil in a process known as cation exchange. Its not what we prefer to do, but its what we kind of need to, have to.. This strips out most of the nutrients. Theyre buying land that can absorb the rains. Shoji, S., Dahlgren, R., & Nanzyo, M. (1993). Because, they posit, nitrogen fertilizer stimulates soil microbes, which feast on organic matter. Kilauea, and you likely saw the viral video footage of lava swallowing entire cars in flame and destruction. Soils are becoming severely degraded due to a combination of intensive farming practices and natural processes. Harlan, J. R. Crops Historical data is not indicative of future results and may not reflect fees which may reduce actual returns. Chemical composition of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. How Can Orange Peels Solve Humanitys Major Problems? Scientific discovery can be unexpected and full of chance surprises. Pimentel, D. et al. 16192 Coastal Highway Lewes, Delaware, 19958-3608. He, too, hedged his bets. Rivers have a major influence on the rocks and soils over which they flow. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.wrong-answer, But tilling also allows carbon dioxide, an important soil nutrient, to escape from the topsoil. A meter tracks the water his farm is taking in. Anyone can read what you share. Bongaarts, J. Also known as the Sea of Trees, this lush and mysterious landscape emerged following the last major eruption of the volcano in the 9th century. Why Do Some Volcanoes Explode And Others Dont? On a perpetual journey towards the idea of home, he uses words to educate, inspire, uplift and evolve. She worries about the effect on the rice mills and crop-duster pilots who live off rice farming, not to mention the birds that come to winter in the flooded fields. After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies. Dutch scientist E.C.J. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality. John Staughton is a traveling writer, editor, publisher and photographer who earned his English and Integrative Biology degrees from the University of Illinois. Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.wrong-answer { Weed. 12 (2010). Poignant examples of this can be seen in the eroded silt built up in the ancient riverbeds of Mesopotamia, making irrigation problematic (Hillel 1992), and the United States Dust Bowl of the 1930s where a devastating drought increased wind erosion, carrying fertile topsoil from the Midwest hundreds of kilometers to Washington, DC (Montgomery 2007). Rising temperatures dry out the soil, which in turn can worsen heat waves. If this is your first-time growing native plants or you are new to container gardening, this presentation will help you succeed on your first try. & Scherbov, S. The end of world population growth. After the volcano has stopped belching out death and fire, the temperatures will eventually fall and a new stasis will be reached. tropical arable lands and its control. Throughout Earth's history, natural cycling of nutrients has occurred from the soil to plants and animals, and then back to the soil, primarily through decomposition of biomass. While soil is frequently referred to as the "fertile substrate", not all soils are suitable for growing crops. Disclaimer: FarmTogether is not a registered broker-dealer, investment adviser or investment manager. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question:hover { They would have their reservation. Of the nearly 5 million acres of permanent crops in the U.S., two-thirds are in California. Agricultural Revolution: The shift from hunter-gatherer to agrarian societies occurring 10,000 to 12,000 YBP. Advances in Agronomy 37, You also have people here who are concerned that were setting a dangerous precedent, he said. Mr. Woolf took over his fathers farm, headquartered in Huron, in 1986, retired most of the cotton his dad grew, switched to tomatoes, bought a factory that turns his tomatoes into tomato paste for ketchup. What If We Took All Nuclear Waste And Dumped It Into An Active Volcano? [15] When soil is irrigated with high alkaline water, unwanted sodium salts build up in the soil which would make soil draining capacity very poor. Aluminum toxicity is also a common problem for crop growth at low pH (<5.5). An almond farmer considers uprooting his trees to put up solar panels. Mr. Woolf now sees the next change coming. In the Middle East for example, many countries find it difficult to grow produce because of droughts, lack of soil, and lack of irrigation. Thompson, L. M. Soils and Soil Fertility, 5th ed. B. Sufficient soil depth for adequate root growth and water retention; This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 21:07. 2002). Answer (1 of 6): In 2016, California ranchers grew some $45 billion dollars' worth of food: [1] > * Milk and Cream $6.07 billion * Grapes $5.58 billion * Almonds $5.16 billion * Cattle and Calves $2.53 billion * Lettuce $1.96 billion * Strawberries $1.83 billion * Pistachios . #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:active { #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz p:not( .fca_qc_back_response ):not( #fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_correct_answer ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_response ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_hint ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_item p ), #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button:hover { This article has been posted to your Facebook page via Scitable LearnCast. Mr. Del Bosque grew up working on melon farms with his farmworker father. Those nutrients may then undergo further transformations which may be aided or enabled by soil micro-organisms. environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and Further increases in co2 can, to a very small degree, continue to increase net photosynthetic output.[9]. Brady N., Weil R. 2002 Nitrogen and sulfur economy of soils. Like plants, many micro-organisms require or preferentially use inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium and will compete with plants for these nutrients, tying up the nutrients in microbial biomass, a process often called immobilization. Higher rates of urbanization and increased wealth will be the primary drivers of this trend. Sims, G.K. 2006. That may sound like a long time from a human perspective, but it isrelatively short in geologic time, which stretchesback billions of years. Geoderma 52, in Plant Sciences 22, 391-416, doi:10.1080/07352680390243495 (2003). } erosion: The removal of soil from the land's surface by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Lets take a closer look at these ecosystems and discover the hidden secrets of volcanic soil. What If You Jumped Out Of An Airplane Into The Sea Without A Parachute? Prentice Hall, 2008. On the supply side, most of the best agricultural land is currently under cultivation. mollisol: Soil order in USDA soil taxonomy, characterized by a thick organic matter enriched surface horizon, typically between 6080 cm thick, which are commonly formed under grassland vegetation. #fca_qc_quiz_63241.fca_qc_quiz span.fca_qc_answer_span { Montgomery, D. R. Soil erosion and 543-545 (2001). Trigger, B. G. Understanding by agriculture. Following the Civil War, cattlemen over-grazed the semi-arid Plains, overcrowding it with cattle that fed on the prairie grasses that held the topsoil in place. Soil Ecol. Havlin, J. L. et al. Nitrogen Starvation Promotes Biodegradation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds in Soil. Report. A fertile soil has the following properties:[4]. These medium-textured soils are often considered ideal for agriculture as they are easily cultivated by farmers and can be highly productive for crop growth. This ash is rich in minerals, as explained above, and while they may temporarily leave behind a gray wasteland of ash that chokes much of the life in the area, that is only temporary. He has left one field bare to serve as a pond to recharge the aquifer, bought land in the north, where the water is, close to Mr. Fiacks rice fields. Bernhard, A. That is the single biggest water system adaptation we can do getting more water into the ground, said Ellen Hanak, director of the water policy center at the Public Policy Institute of California. These soils are very old and low in fertility, but since there is a dry season, more of the nutrients can stay in place. Today, Mr. Del Bosque owns a melon farm near the town of Firebaugh. Water Source Gradual spring snowmelt once provided a reliable water supply collected in dammed lakes and man-made reservoirs. essential element (plant): Chemical elements required by plants for normal growth and reproduction. You should not make investment decisions based solely on the information and charts contained in this Website (defined below).Read More. California produces 90% of U.S. grapes, 80% of nuts, and 40% of citrus. Theres just one problem: Because the rivers are so hot and dry this year, the federal government, which runs the Shasta Dam, where cold Sacramento River water is stored, has said the water needs to stay in the reservoir through the summer months for another source of food: fish that hatch in Californias rivers. Figure 4:Damage to agricultural field in Washington (United States) resulting from water erosion. Fertile soil has the following properties: 267, 1117-1123 (1995). Sparks, D. L. Environmental Soil erosion controls on biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. It is flanked on all sides by mountains that are part of the Transverse Ranges. Why is the present-day land surface in Illinois so flat, and why is the soil so fertile? SOM gives topsoil its deep black colors and rich aromas that many home gardeners and farmers of grassland soils are familiar with. School of American Research Press (1995). Chapter 6 Chemical Characteristics of Volcanic Ash Soils. Oxford University That helps support ScienceABC with some money to maintain the site. Since the beginning of agricultural production in the Great Plains of North America in the 1880s, about one-half of its topsoil has disappeared.[14]. Academic Press, Inc., 1995. Along with great soil, California has a Mediterranean climate that allows it to produce over 400 different agricultural commodities, more than any other place in the U.S. . Vast stretches of land are fallow because theres no water. Its how hes survived the droughts of the past, he said. It explains why, amid a historic drought parching much of the American West, a grower of premium sushi rice has concluded that it makes better business sense to sell the water he would have used to grow rice than to actually grow rice.
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