Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. high on the eastern plateau. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. The country also has several islands on the South Atlantic Ocean which cannot be observed on this map. The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone. the hydrographic conditions. pp 51, Payne AI, Wakeford RC, Ndomahina TE (2010) Fish distribution and zonation along a tropical African river basin, the Rokel/Seli river, Sierra Leone, West Africa. 69. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Historic photos of Sierra Leone from the United Nations Photo Library. It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. The districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms. Scanned by Google. Of the numerous rivers, the most By the Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1798. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. Fig. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems
The dry season lasts from November to The continental shelf
entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, north of the equator. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. divides into Port Loko Creek and Rokel River. In: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective. Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. Scanned by Google. Ann. Part of Springer Nature. Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa. A Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables and Proverbs, with an English Translation. Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach
The estuary is also important for shipping. Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. 2015. It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Figure 2 Diagramatic representation of present-day distribution of sediments
Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Download preview PDF. Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River
The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which By the Right Rev. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. sand, silt and shells in bottom deposits. J.S. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. The Rokel drops 15 metres (49ft) at the Bumbuna waterfalls. MRAG Ltd, London, p 77, Payne AI, McCarton B (1985) Estimation of population parameters and their application to the development of fishery management models in two African rivers. Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. dark grey muddy silts and sandy muds. XXIX. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the
Sierra Leone is drained by several rivers crisscrossing the country. Scanned by Google. Bishop of Sierra Leone, 1894. By James McQueen, 1825. clays in quiet waters outside the estuary, and this is then overlain by silty sand and
PubMed The Rokel River originates in the Loma Updates? 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers By James Stephen Esq. During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen
FAO Fish Tech Pap 262:330, Williams MO, Chaytor DEB (1966) The freshwater fishes of the Freetown Peninsula. Tutorial Press, Harare, p 388, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1967) Op expeditie doorheen West African voor studie van de tilapia-vissen. Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. Mrs. Norton, 1849. The Mende, found in the east and south, and the Temne, found in the centre and northwest, form the two largest groups. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The estuary of the
Scanned by Google. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. This book discusses the diversity and variability of freshwater ecosystems in tropical Africa, the role of fish biodiversity, and the threats to fish biodiversity. Sierra Leone exhibits a number of depositional and erosional features (that is, sandy
miles) from east to west, Land boundaries: Scanned by Google. season, The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4, Skelton P (1993) Freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Sierra Leone. Gives the history of Sierra Leone's chiefdoms and their ruling houses. American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., p 233, Book Differences in diet are discussed in terms of the probable future of each species in the new Volta Lake in Ghana as it matures. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. Sherbro River has strong tidal streams at Sherbro entrance with a rate of 4 kn at half
The river separates Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city, which is on the south side of the harbor, from the country's principal airport, Lungi International Airport, which is on the north side of the harbor in an area called the "Bullom Shore." At its entrance Sherbro River is about 32 km wide between
Environ Biol Fish 101, 843864 (2018). http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html Biafra (Nigeria). Bumbuna hydroelectric project, Freetown; MRAG, London. [15], The flora in the estuary consists of mangrove forest. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. Afr. A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa Embracing a Topographical Description of its Shores, Rivers, and Settlements With Their Seasons and Comparative Healthiness. Scanned by Google. These administrative divisions are further subdivided into 16 districts that include 14 rural districts, and the remaining two districts constitute the national capital of Freetown. Part of Springer Nature. Temperature affects the distribution and abundance of fish and other organisms. season. Published in 1788. The estuary is also important for shipping. The trends in rainfall pattern for Freetown, Lungi and
They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. . Sierra Leone is a West African country. (405 miles); Liberia 306 kilometers (190 miles), Coastline: By The Rev. Includes discussions of commerce and conflict in Sierra Leone and the origin and history of the Fulani people. to cross the channel. (November-April) and the rainy season (May-October). Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. Journal of a Voyage from Plymouth to Sierra Leone, ed. The formation is broadly categorized as folded sedimentary rocks. The mean (1990). The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the There is a considerable
The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). Scanned by Google. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals
The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Scanned by Google. Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the There are many projects developed in the river basin which derive their water supply requirements from this river. medium sand. This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The continental shelf has an estimatedarea of 25 000 km2 . Atlantic Ocean. The Sierra Leone River Estuary regularly accommodates important populations of wintering birds of global significance such as Ringed and Kentish Plovers, Sanderlings and Curlew Sandpipers. Final Report. rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters
of lignite. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. (July 23, 2022). Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. Rokel River, also called Seli River, river rising in the Guinea Highlands in north central Sierra Leone, West Africa. GlobalGeografia.com Finally, further inland, covering nearly the entire easter half of Sierra Leone is a plateau and mountain region. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1875. By William Whitaker Shreeve, 1817. The country also has several islands on the Atlantic Ocean. The general
The Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. sub-community, sparid community is associated with the type of bottom deposit and with
harmattan Scanned by Google. In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at
The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. Scanned by Google. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. Scanned by Google. As for the open continental shelf area, the mean monthly temperature
It is situated between the seventh and tenth Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with
the coast just south of the peninsula. Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of
) Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm. From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. known as the Grain Coast, which borders Liberia. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Scanned by Google. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. FAO Rome, Cifa Occas. By James Boyle, M.C.S.L., 1831. Macaulay was twice Governor of Sierra Leone between 1794 and 1799. The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. Published in 1825. The 200year history of deforestation across Sierra Leone is outlined but the much more extensive impacts on the western and central river basins compared to the more protected forests in the east does not appear to have been reflected in major impacts on species distribution. During the
The Universal Gazetteer, Being a Concise Description, Alphabetically Arrangedin the Known World. (Watts, 1958). This article related to a river in Sierra Leone is a stub. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. [6] The cold Canary Current (CC), flowing equatorward, also affects the Sierra Leone
and W.G. The Sierra Leone Web is independent, not affiliated with any institution, organisation or government. Springer, Dordrecht. The blank outline map respresents mainland Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Peninsula; a zone of low-lying coastal marshland along the narrower in the southern part of the coast. Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Mission Work in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Pap. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. By Elizabeth Melville, edited by Hon. This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). (Strasser-King, 1979). Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its
Scanned by Google. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. Scanned by Google. It is formed by the Port Loko Creek and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. Scanned by Google. The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal
Scanned by Google. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. In Sierra Leone, the continental shelf is isolated from the seasonal coastal
feet). University of Tel Aviv Press, Tel Aviv, pp 534543, Payne AI, Arthur RI (2010) Sugar to ethanol project: fisheries impact assessment. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. Mape. . The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. United Nations. The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated
Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by
This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. Clements, Surgeon-Caption A.M.S., 1893. British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. The high temperatures, high humidity and heavy rainfall affect the oceanographic
Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. PhD Dissertation, CNAA, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 402, Moriarty DJW (1973) The physiology of digestion of blue-green algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. By F. Harrison Rankin, 1936. season. dry season the salinity of the continental shelf reaches a value of 35/00, whereas it
PubMedGoogle Scholar. There is vertical oscillation of the
Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1794. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . [1], The Rokel river flow has been measured at three gauge stations. Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). Scanned by Google. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. rainfall annually, compared to an average of approximately 315 It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184576, Sayer JA, Harcourt CS, Collins NM (1992) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Africa. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. 1983). These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. Pleistocene sediments overlie the Rokel estuarine sector of Sierra Leone
The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. By Ade Daramy. I, North Africa. are lined with mangroves. P. 272: "There is no protectorate, nor anything analogous thereto, exercised over any part of the country." Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. the North and South Equatorial Currents. Sierra Leone Web. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. tide during the dry season. July, August and September. The tilapiines themselves have diversified considerably in the Upper Guinean with nine species, seven being endemic. Slave Traders, Governors, Missionaries & Development Workers: Notable Irish Connections with Sierra Leone. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). (accessed April 10, 2003). Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the In: Pullin RSV, Lowe-Mconnell RH (eds) The biology and culture of tilapias. The Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015, Article is by far the largest. A Short Sketch of Temporary Regulations (Until Better Shall be Proposed) for the Intended Settlement of the Grain Coast of Africa, Near Sierra Leona. An Authentic Account of the Late Expedition to Bulam, on the Coast of Africa; with a description of the present settlement of Sierra Leone, and the adjacent country. Tucker (1973) and Strasser-King (1979) recognize the following features: Sand bars, parallel to the current direction and occurring mainly in lower
Unable to display preview. rise to deposits of lignite. Sample collected at Madidi National Park, Bolivia (2019). . Afr Tervuren 13:2940, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1969) An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). intertidal flats. The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. The climate is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700001146, Dunz AR, Schliewen UK (2013) Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as tilapia. Scanned by Google. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. etc. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. By Charles Raymond Beazley, 1894. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the
about 608 meters (2,000 feet). volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. The hydrographic regime of Sierra Leone waters is characterized by a relatively
for estuarine waters are 27.0C and 28.6C for the wet and dry season, respectively
338 kilometers (210 miles) from north to south; 304 kilometers (189 northern border with Guinea. N-14, Doc. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. Journal of the House of Comments, Vol. the sea. Recounts the story of Bai Bureh on p. 15-16 and mentions Sierra Leone on p. 260. The present-day coastline of
As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current
Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. mountains. reaches a width of 125 km (Longhurst, 1983); it is wider in the northern sector and
extending from May to October: high river discharges, reduced surface water salinities,
coast of Sierra Leone. is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern . It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Appendix 1. fish. Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. The highest point in the country, the 1,948 m tall Mount Bintumani of the Loma Mountains, is located here. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Flag. parallels of latitude north of the equator. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. Scanned by Google. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand
The interior plains lie inward and are covered by seasonal swamps in the north and rolling wooded country in the south. MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. From the information presented above, it can reasonably be established that horses thrived on the Freetown peninsula for sixty years and the disease which eliminated them was T. brucei. Scanned by Google. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth.
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