The following brief summaries contain the evidence on which the various prophets have been entered in the chronological positions in which they are found in the chart. Continued obedience was necessary to the continuance of divine favor, whereas persistent disobedience must inevitably culminate in the rejection of the Jewish nation as Gods chosen instrument for carrying out the divine plan (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). Owing to the failure of the Jews as Gods chosen people, many of the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as those affirming the worldwide mission of Israel and the ingathering of the Gentiles (see Genesis 12:3; Deuteronomy 4:6-8; Isaiah 2:2-5; 42:6; 49:6; 52:10; 56:6, 7; 60:1-3; 61:9; 62:2; Zechariah 2:11; 8:22, 23; etc. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. ; (locust and Day of the Lord pictures in Joel), written against Edom (which was enemy of Jerusalem under Jehoram? The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. Joshua and Judges spoke of the history just after the time of Moses. 4. The transition from literal Israel to spiritual Israel, or the Christian church, is the subject of Romans 9-11. 5. John 4:23, 24; 2 Tim. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). Here Paul affirms that the rejection of the Jews did not mean that the promises of God had taken none effect (Romans 9:6), and explains immediately that they are to become effective through spiritual Israel. You are free to share (to copy, distribute and transmit the work), and remix (to adapt the work) for non-commercial use only, under the condition that you must attribute the work to the Theology of Work Project, Inc., but not in any way that suggests that it endorses you or your use of the work. Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. endobj
In that day every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts (Zechariah 14:16; cf. Scripture is sometimes definitive about who was a prophet. Observe the conditional aspects of the prediction and ascertain whether or not, or to what extent, the conditions were met. Nehemiah 13:23-27). The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. But the Scriptures record the fact that they disobeyed God and proved disloyal to Him instead. Several prophecies followed a few months later (Zechariah 1:7 to 6:15). So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. The book makes no reference to the fall of Samaria, which took place in 723/22 B.C., and it can therefore be concluded that the prophets last message was given prior to Samarias destruction. Jesus own verdict was, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21:43; cf. Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). (This rule does not apply to those portions of the book of Daniel that the prophet was bidden to shut up and seal, or to other passages whose application Inspiration may have limited exclusively to our own time.). He is the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever (Hebrews 13:8). It is impossible to date the devastating plague of locusts that the prophet so vividly describes and compares with the terrors of the coming day of judgment. Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. The prophets call us to re-learn the lesson that a respect for the creator of the earth we occupy is a starting point for peace between the earth and its inhabitants. In Abraham God found a man ready to yield unqualified obedience to the divine will (Genesis 26:5; Hebrews 11:8) and to cultivate a similar spirit in his posterity (Genesis 18:19). They blindly overlooked those scriptures that point to the humiliation of Christs first advent, and misapplied those that speak of the glory of His second coming. ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. Furthermore, Old Testament prophecy must first be examined in terms of its historical application to literal Israel before the validity of a derived application to spiritual Israel may be undertaken. 735BC-700BC - Micah the Prophet 732BC- 723BC - King Hoshea the last King of Israel was taken to Assyria 722BC - Israel Exiled as Slaves because of sin 716BC-686BC - King Hezekiah was the 13th King of Judah 716-686BC - King Hezekiah - the sun goes backward 695BC - King Manasseh the 14th King of Judah 660BC - The Prophet Nahum We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. Amos presents himself to his readers as a herdsman and a gatherer of sycomore fruit (chapters 1:1; 7:14). Numbers 14:26-34. NOTE: This will conclude our study of Kings. Accordingly, the covenant promises and privileges were all permanently transferred from literal to spiritual Israel (Romans 9:4; cf. Joel 1:15; 2:1, 32) can hardly serve as evidence for either a late or an early date. Minor prophets. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. Candid bible. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. See also the Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. %PDF-1.5
In preparation for this time please read 2 Kings 23:29-25:30, & 2 Chronicles 36. At the same time, He permitted the heathen nations to walk in their own ways (Acts 14:16), to furnish an example of what man can accomplish apart from Him. Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. Prophet to Judah Prophet to Israel Joel* *This is the traditional date for Joel, but the date is uncertain and suggestions range from the ninth to the fourth century. Prophet go. Solomon made his great mistake when he failed to realize the secret of Israels prosperity, and with a few noteworthy exceptions, leaders and people sank lower and lower from generation to generation until apostasy was complete (Isaiah 3:12; 9:16; Jeremiah 5:1-5; 8:10; Ezekiel 22:23-31; Micah 3). They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). First Century Israel Map - It was His purpose to set them on high above all nations of the earth (Deuteronomy 28:1), with the result that all people of the earth would recognize their superiority and call them blessed (Malachi 3:10, 12). By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. However, these messages pertaining to the then-distant future were intended, not only to inspire patience, comfort, and hope in the day they were first given, but also to provide men of Christs day with confirming evidence of His Messiahship. This article surveys the fundamental problem of the interpretation of the prophetic portions of the Old Testament in terms of their message to Israel of old and to the church today. Superior craftsmanship. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel This tabular displays and reigns of either of to Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the daten and lengths of the ruler, and the prophets who where active at that time. While it is thus known that he began his work in 520 and continued until 518 B.C., the end of his prophetic ministry must be left open. They eagerly sought the power of His kingdom, but were unwilling to be guided by its principles. The table below shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. They were to become a nation of intellectual geniuses, and feebleness of mind would eventually have been unknown among them. They rejected the Light of the world, and henceforth their lives were surrounded with darkness as the darkness of midnight. For these reasons his ministry can be dated from about 755 (or earlier) to about 725 B.C. However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. In this case, he was an octogenarian. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. Israel. The 9th-century view.The great empires of Assyria and Babylonia do not appear within the horizon of the prophet. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. Formal worship took the place of sincere religion (cf. The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. We hope what you find here will add to your understanding of and appreciation for the Bible. Copyright 2022 - UnderstandChristianity.com. Instead of becoming light bearers to the world they absorbed its darkness and reflected that darkness instead. 1 0 obj
This page and its content is copyright 2012. God designed that Israels experience should prove to be a warning to Judah (see Hosea 1:7; 4:15-17; 11:12; Jeremiah 3:3-12; etc.). Acts 13:22). Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. Predictions of national disgrace, rejection, and woe that were to result from apostasy would never have been realized. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Bibliography Resources on the Old Testament, Jeroboam II to Hoshea (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz), to the Jews Before and During the Captivity. for more details of the individual monarchs and prophets. Not all the prophets were anti-establishment, however. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. Click on the different category headings to find out more. Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. Its people were given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. The British-Israel movement teaches that the Anglo-Saxon peoples are the literal descendants of the ten so-called lost tribes of the northern kingdom and that the promises will, in large measure, be fulfilled to their modern posterity. Holiness of character (Levites 19:2; see on Matthew 5:48). Eventually Gods purposes will prevail and the plan of salvation will succeed, irrespective of the failure of any person or group. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8. Through His people Christ is to manifest His character and the principles of His kingdom. Israel was confronted with the choice of blessings or curses. Roman Empire Map - A less-well-defined school of interpretation bases its approach to the prophetic portions of the Old Testament on the theory that the prophet, while bearing messages to the people of his day, also took occasional excursions into the distant future, with the result that many of his forecasts did not apply to literal Israel at all, but were intended exclusively for Israel after the spirit, that is, for the church today. His book contains no direct to establish the time of his mission to Nineveh. *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. Moses their great leader warned the people of Israel not to disobey the LORD or else: Deuteronomy 28:49-50 - "The LORD will bring a nation against you from far, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies; a nation whose language you will not understand; a nation of fierce facial expressions, that doesn't respect the elderly, nor show favor to the young.". But they are to be saved as Christians and not as Jews. Isaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. Elijah claimed that there was no reality except the God of Israel, stressing monotheism to the people with possibly unprecedented emphasis. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. 19:21; Isaiah 46:10; Acts 5:39; Hebrews 6:17; etc. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. Prophecies that Inspiration clearly applies to our day were designed of God to inspire us with patience, comfort, and the hope that all things foretold by these holy men of old will soon meet their final and complete fulfillment. The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. Paul states the same truth in Romans 9:30, 31, where he makes it plain that the Christian church has replaced the Hebrew nation in the divine plan. View Full Article Table of Contents Who Were the Prophets? Paul emphasizes the fact that the rejection of literal Israel as Gods chosen instrument for the salvation of the world does not mean that individual Jews can no longer be saved (chapters 9:6; 11:1, 2, 11, 15), for he is a Jew himself (chapters 9:3; 10:1; 11:1, 2). In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. The blessings of health. or during the early years of his reign. Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniel . Even the heathen would recognize the superiority of those who served and worshiped the living God. But Judah failed to learn the lesson, and a little more than a century later her apostasy, also, was complete (see Jeremiah 22:6, 8, 9; Ezekiel 16:37; 7:2-15; 12:3-28; 36:18-23). Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. Amir Tsarfati: Israel's Prophetic Timeline. Having declined, thus, to surrender themselves to God as His agents for the salvation of the human race, the Jews, as a nation, became agents of Satan for the destruction of the race. Indeed, this secondary application is for us today the more significant. BC dates, I've also included the number of years since the end of Pests and diseases, flood and drought, crop failureall these would eventually disappear. He would be king over all the earth verses (3, 8, 9), and His dominion from sea even to sea, even to the ends of the earth (chapter 9:9, 10). Jeremiah 12:14-16). This concept of the role of Israel is reiterated again and again throughout the Old Testament. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. They looked for Messiah to reign as a temporal prince (cf. Nothing is known of the prophet Joel beyond the fact that he was the son of Pethuel (chapter 1:1). These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. Text from Earth's Sacred Calendar: The Dated Events of the Old Testament TWENTY-FIVE Israel's 44 Kings and Their Prophets Saul Seeks Father's Donkeys Until the Temple Starts Burning Sunday September 22 - Tishri 10, 1050 BC To Monday July 21 - Av 7, 526 BC 523 Years and 303 Days The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). Thus, for more than 1,500 years, a great experiment designed to test the relative merits of good and evil was conducted before the world. ?v>wO?D=`7[wx"*M -3R?$+Rjxwux>zz+ ,hd_AJ`sBJl2| AK7m?4(_^p/_zP_7LmVMNn[5s`#ydtA. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). In the midst of these kingdoms, several prophets are sent by God. Many messages and prophecies can be understood correctly only if seen against the background of the time in which the prophets ministered and in the light of the events that happened during their lives. The list is roughly chronological .
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